Which is a common sign or symptom of pulmonary TB?

Shortness of breath is a common sign or symptom of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). This occurs due to the infection's impact on the lungs, which can lead to inflammation and the accumulation of fluid in the air sacs, ultimately affecting the patient's ability to breathe efficiently. As the disease progresses, the lungs may become less functional, further contributing to respiratory difficulties.

In contrast, the other options do not typically correspond with pulmonary TB manifestations. Headaches, while they can occasionally occur in various illnesses, are not specific to TB. Joint stiffness is more often associated with conditions such as arthritis rather than pulmonary TB. An increased appetite also does not align with tuberculosis symptoms; instead, individuals with active TB often experience weight loss and decreased appetite due to the body’s inflammatory response and metabolic changes linked to the infection.